Trees transplanted with a root ball should have the root ball so secured, that it does not crumble during transport operations. The lumps formed of loose soil are the easiest to crush, sandy. The lumps of clay soil hold much better. The maintenance of the lump is also the better the higher the content of organic material in the soil. Perfect for e.g.. lump in trees prepared using the method described above, because it has a very large number of roots with a dense weave. They provide the best protection against crushing. Such lumps only need to be wrapped during transport to protect the roots from drying out.
The easiest way to prevent a lump from crushing is to freeze it. To do this, in the fall, the soil around the tree to be transplanted should first be protected against freezing. During frosts, however, at temperatures not lower than -10 °, the soil surface is exposed and a lump is formed. After shaping, it is brought to freezing. However, the exposed solid should not be exposed to prolonged exposure to low temperatures. Planting sites should also be prepared in advance and properly secured. Pits can be dug against soil freezing and adequately protected against low temperatures, e.g.. by filling with leaves, straw, etc.. Planting in "frozen" pits prevents the plants from using the water. You should also remember to prepare the right amount of soil needed to fill the lump after planting.
The pits can also be dug just before planting, however, then the surface, on which they are to be located, also requires frost protection.
The soil around the trees already planted should be covered with a layer of mulch in order to frostbite the lump, to enable the use of water in the soil. The undoubted advantages of transplanting with freezing lump are: 1) relatively low workload, 2) possibility of transplanting during the period of the smallest amount of other works, 3) ease of forming with the desired shapes and sizes of the solid, 4) possibility of omitting the protection against crushing, 5) the possibility of transporting the transplanted tree to any place on the frozen ground with heavy vehicles and the possibility of moving it on skids, saniach etc..
Another most frequently used method of securing the root ball is wrapping it with fabrics such as fabrics, foil, etc., and then lacing (drawing).
The next steps of securing the block by wrapping it with a fabric and lacing.
Solids secured in this way should have rounded shapes, which reduces the possibility of stress formation during lacing, often leading to cracking and crushing of the lump. Block, which is to be secured in this way, it should be exposed in the trench in width 30-40 cm, allowing the fabric to be put on and laced. The trench should reach under the bottom of the lump, however no further than to 1/4 diameter, because it may cause the lump to collapse and disintegrate. The surface of the formed body is wrapped 1-3 times with a jute fabric, foil, etc.. These materials can be attached with nails, which prevents landslides. Lacing starts with putting on a loop of rope in the lower part of the body, and then its end is passed through the top of the lump and the rope and loop on the opposite side. This operation is repeated until the required degree of densification of the number of bonds. If larger lumps are laced, you can attach an additional loop in the upper part, and connect the twisted cords with hooks bent from thick wire. Lacing should be done by two people, which makes it easier to tighten the cord, and therefore provides a stronger security. A diameter cord is used 5-8 mm.
A method that replaces lacing is wrapping the sides of the block with a net made of thin and soft wire.. The wires of the mesh are then twisted with a hook to obtain the required tension to compress the body. Securing the solid with a mesh is less labor-intensive, relatively easy and possible to do by one person. The advantages of securing the body by wrapping with flexible materials are: 1) perfect protection of the block against crushing, 2) effective protection of soil and roots against drying out, 3) easy to put on.
