The places for planting trees are marked on the site with pegs or other methods. Planting trees in regular patterns requires careful placement and tree placement. The trees are usually planted in holes whose depth and width depend on the size of the root system. The roots of the planted tree should fit freely and spread out in the prepared pit. The depth and width of the pits usually vary within limits 40-50 cm. For trees planted with a block, ditches usually larger and adapted to the size of the block need to be dug. Digging larger pits is always beneficial to the tree being planted. When digging pits, you should not mix fertile surface soil with soil from deeper layers. Set both layers separately. The roots of the planted trees are always covered with better soil, which may even be delivered from elsewhere.
The trees can be planted without a root ball or with a block. Digging up trees without a lump and planting them is easier. However, such trees are more difficult to accept.
The roots of trees planted without a root ball, after being delivered from the nursery, require pruning with a sharp pruner, because their ends are often jagged and split. The cut should be perpendicular to the root length, that the wound is as small as possible. If the trees delivered for planting show signs of dryness in the form of wrinkled bark, they should be immersed in water for several hours before planting. The planting of trees without a root ball is usually performed by two people. One keeps the tree in the right place and at the required height, the other covers the roots with soil. This soil should be loose, because it fills the spaces between them more easily. Such filling also facilitates simultaneous light shaking of the tree. After about half of the hole has been filled, the ground should be lightly trampled. This ensures that the tree is kept upright, and at the same time allows water to percolate. However, excessive compaction prevents air from reaching the roots, which hinders their regeneration. On the other hand, tamping the soil after the well is completely filled does not ensure precise pressing against the roots and leaves too much free space to prevent water seepage.. On dry soils, flooding the soil with 10-20 liters of water gives much better results than trampling. Planting plants with a root ball is done differently. Trees with small lumps, so not too heavy, can be planted by one person. The depth of the pit should match the height of the solid. It is better to dig a little bigger pits instead of taking out the tree with the lump to deepen them. This requires additional effort and risks crushing the lump. After positioning the tree, the packaging is removed from the lump. Straw, paper and jute fabric can be left at the bottom of the well. After filling the free space with fertile soil, it is best to crush it by pouring plenty of water.
Young trees with tall trunks should be attached to various supports until a strong root system is formed. Wooden stakes are most often used for this purpose, stuck to the bottom of the well. Such stakes must be protected against rotting with fungicides or by burning the lower part (the old but effective way). The stakes should not be higher than the trunk. The binding must be flexible and prevent the bark of the tree from being injured by winds. Various tapes and special plastic ties are used for tying.
If the trees are to be watered after planting, then the soil surface around the stump should be formed in the form of a bowl, which facilitates the maintenance of water. Before watering, the surface of the bowl should be covered with a few centimeters of peat or similar material. This layer protects the soil against crusting as a result of watering, reduces water loss through evaporation, and – which is of great importance for trees planted in the fall – hinders soil freezing. Such mulch significantly reduces the possibility of weeding the soil surface. Mulching the soil around trees is always beneficial – regardless of the time and method of planting.
